The quinquennial Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference took place in New York in the spring of 2000. Five years after the indefinite extension of the NPT and following the Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests, it was awaited as a test to reveal the state of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. The adoption of a consensual final document by the participating states did, in this regard, demonstrate how robust the regime is. The product of complex balances between the different actors and at times disconnected from strategic realities, this final document is plagued by ambiguity and will likely be the subject of diplomatic debates in the coming years. – Summary AFRI-2001