The end of communist regimes in Eastern Europe has provoked an important debate about the European future of this region. At the beginning of the 1990s, the ex-communist countries were treated as a whole ; their diversity, their political, economic, cultural, historical, ethnical or social specificity, were not taken into account. But EU enlargement is a too complex process to be judged thus. It involves many actors and varied perspectives. An individual dialogue will soon replace the collective perspective. Romania is an interesting case for study. It shows the difficulty of analysing the global area and not each case separately. Romania was the first country to initiate a stronger collaboration with the EEC. Yet, after 1989, its historical links with Brussels were abandoned for a more technical negotiation. Nowadays, Romania is the « bad student » for the negotiation process. It opened only 27 negotiation chapters and only 13 were closed. What are the immediate consequences of this situation ? What are the causes ? What is the most credible scenario for Romania? These are some of the questions we tried to analyse in our essay. We focused our analysis on the Romanian party landscape and the European integration variable. –Summary AFRI-2003