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Multilateralism is a recent phenomenon (beginning of the 21st Century), somehow unknown. It is both a historical and theoretical concept that evolved after World War II. The multiplication of international exchanges and of various international organizations has made this concept and method of international cooperation increasingly complex to grasp. It is instrumentalized or bypassed by Member States who are supposed to promote it. Nevertheless, in a globalized and transborders world, multilateralism is a necessary, indeed essential, method for negotiations and decision-making to manage crises. – Summary AFRI-2002