Cryptology has experienced a major liberalization in most States during the last decade. This development has been mainly motivated by business considerations related to the e-commerce. However, cryptology remains, as it was in the past, a highly strategic field for some nations. Intelligence services and their intercepting skills have a major role to play faced with new asymmetrical threats, and encrypting products can make this tapping completely useless. Thus, in spite of actual developments within domestic laws, some States try to control the proliferation of knowledge and of cryptology products by other means. – Summary AFRI-2005