– Abstract
Since the first colonization, at the end of the 15th century, Latin America and Caribbean islands where in the political orbit of extra-regional actors. After three centuries of European influences, the region was submitted to the US’s multifarious domination. Three steps: the rise of US power; leadership; then, military and trading unilateralism. Such a process has soon generated a feeling of frustration and contestation among the Latino intelligentsia, as well as among the people. So, neo-Bolivarian Venezuelian claims are nothing but an avatar of a deep and steadfast contestation.
