Transborder cooperation between France and Germany reveals fundamental changes concerning institutional structures as well as administrative and political functions. The typical patterns of partial and sectorial cooperation, which often remained punctual in character and dominated by administrative executives at different levels of cooperation, have given way to the evolution of systems of cross-border multilevel cooperation with quite differentiated functions. The success of these evolving new transnational systems of transborder cooperation will depend on the division of work in levels, institutions, political and administrative functions in the aim of real transborder multilevel governance.