Many scenarios could lead to a «deconstruction» of Europe : external shocks which do not appear to be very likely (such as a come back to the scenario of the 1930’s or the «clash of civilizations»); decreasing identification of European citizens to an even more enlarged Union, based only on consensus and rules, but less and less able to let a «European democracy» emerge; unhooking of great nations like Germany or France, which could be tempted by a more national course; growing tensions between smaller member States, advocating communitarian law and communitarian method, and bigger ones, tempted by «directorate» and unilateralism; inability of the Union to address the challenge of solidarity due to the enlargement, and finally possible failure of the Euro. All these scenarios show the risks that must be addressed by Europe in order not to be «deconstructed» : nationalism, internal tensions inside the European system, and instability in the relationship of Europe with the outside world. European integration is a fragile thing. – Summary AFRI-2005